The first and foremost understanding of VSPER theory and hybridization is the need for a compound to be stable and in equilibrium. Each of these bonds between P and Cl makes 3 90 degrees and 180 degrees bond angles with the supplementary bonds. The second type of bond is the axial bond. The PCl5 structure has 2 different kinds of P-Cl bonds.Īll the Phosphorus-Chlorine equatorial bonds make 90 degrees and 120 degrees bond angles, two each, with the further bonds in the atom. Total valence shell electron pairs are 5. This makes the valence shell electrons 10. The 5 Cl atoms contribute 5 electrons, one for each atom. If we talk about PCl5, the central atom, P gives it’s 5 electrons to each of the 5 Chlorine atoms. Molecular models are classified into the following different types, each having its own properties: Quite clearly, these properties eventually establish the probable utility a compound has, and how it will react when introduced to foreign or homogeneous substances. Properties such as magnetism, resistance, reactivity, potency, alignment, and physical traits such as color, shape, odor can be explained by this 3-dimensional model. The molecular representation also helps in understanding the factors that cause an element to take a specific arrangement and shape at the atomic level. It even depicts the correct bond lengths and angles such as the bond angle and the torsion angle between two atoms. The molecular geometry, in addition to being a 3-dimensional representation of the data at our disposal, is also essential to observe and subsequently infer the reason behind the specific properties a compound exhibits. Molecular geometry is an extension of the 2-dimensional diagram as in the below image. Step 5: Visualizing the diagram, we come up with a Phosphorus in the center, housed by 5 Chlorine atoms. This could have been a problem, but it can hold the 5 Chlorine atoms, due to its empty 3d orbital. While Chlorine atoms have received the one needed electron, Phosphorus’s valency is 3. Step 4: Next task is to check if the atoms are stable. Step 3: Phosphorus lends its 5 valence shell electrons, one to each of the Chlorine atoms. Step 2: To attain stability, each of the 5 Chlorine atoms will form a bond with Phosphorus. Therefore, it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell.Ĭhlorine has 7 electrons in its outermost shell, owing to its atomic number 17 and resultant placement 2,8,7. Phosphorus, having atomic number 15, has an electron composition of 2, 8, 5. We come to understand that PCl5 is made up of Phosphorous and Chlorine. We can refer to the periodic table for this. Step 1: Count the number of valence electrons in a PCl5 molecule. The Lewis structure of a compound does not deal with the 3-dimensional representation of its elements in space, nor its molecular design and geometry. This must be done while considering the relevance of the octet rule and the concepts of formal charges. The ultimate purpose of designing a Lewis structure is to assess and come to the formation of a configuration that holds the foremost arrangement of electrons and therefore equilibrium. Lewis structures make the use of dots to represent electrons and bonds between different electrons are represented through a straight line, marked at the end of which is a set of electrons. Lewis structure of a compound is the arrangement of its underlying atom’s valence shell electrons. Its chemical equations of equilibrium are as follows: In Chemistry, PCl5 comes into existence through the process of self-ionization. It also exhibits properties of Lewis acidity due to its familiarity in chlorination, hydrolysis, etc. Its boiling point is higher than that of water at 166.8-degree Celsius while its melting point is as high as 160.5 -degrees Celsius. PCl5 has a molecular weight of 208.24 grams per mol. When in solid form, it has a crystalline salt-like formation and an irritating odor.Īccording to the mass action law, Phosphorus Pentachloride gasifies almost devoid of any separation of phosphorus trichloride or of chlorine gas in the atmosphere. It is also found in its liquid and gaseous state wherein it depicts neutral properties. While it being colorless, there have come to exist commercial specimen green and yellow in color upon being contaminated by Hydrogen Chloride (HCl). If we talk about the physical appearance of the compound, it is sensitive to water and moisture in its solid form, along with being colorless. Phosphorus Pentachloride or PCl5 is a compound formed by chemical elements Phosphorus (Atomic number: 15, symbol: P) and Chlorine (Atomic number: 17, symbol: Cl).Ī Phosphorus Pentachloride molecule consists of 1 atom of phosphorus for 5 atoms of chlorine.
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